Unit 1: Introduction to Botany
Definition of botany and its relevance to human life
History of botany and notable botanists
Scientific method and the study of botany
Unit 2: Plant Anatomy and Morphology
Structure and function of plant cells
Tissues and organs of plants
Morphology and adaptations of different plant groups
Unit 3: Plant Physiology
Water relations, nutrient uptake, and the ascent of sap
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Growth and development
Unit 4: Plant Diversity
Classification and naming of plants
Major groups of plants and their characteristics
Plant reproduction and life cycles
Unit 5: Plant Ecology
The role of plants in ecosystems
Interactions between plants and other organisms
Biomes and their characteristics
Ecological principles and applications
Unit 6: Economic Botany
Economic and cultural importance of plants
Medicinal plants and natural products
Biotechnology and genetic engineering in plants
Unit 7: Plant Conservation and Restoration
Threats to plant diversity and conservation strategies
Restoration ecology and ecosystem management
Sustainable use of plant resources
