1. Introduction to Biophysical Techniques
Definition, scope, and historical development of biophysical techniques
Importance of biophysical techniques in modern biology and medicine
Overview of the different types of biophysical techniques
2. X-ray Crystallography
Basic principles of X-ray crystallography
Crystallographic symmetry and diffraction
Data collection and processing
Structure determination and refinement
Applications of X-ray crystallography in biological research
3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Basic principles of NMR spectroscopy
Chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, and relaxation
Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy
Protein-ligand interactions and dynamics
Applications of NMR spectroscopy in biological research
4. Electron Microscopy (EM)
Basic principles of electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Sample preparation for EM
Single-particle analysis and cryo-EM
Applications of EM in biological research
5. Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy
Basic principles of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
Fluorescent probes and dyes
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)
Applications of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy in biological research
6. Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectroscopy
Basic principles of CD spectroscopy
Secondary structure of proteins and nucleic acids
Thermal and chemical denaturation
Applications of CD spectroscopy in biological research
7. Mass Spectrometry (MS)
Basic principles of MS
Ionization methods and mass analyzers
Protein identification and quantification
Applications of MS in biological research
8. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Basic principles of AFM
Imaging and force measurements
Applications of AFM in biological research
9. Calorimetry
Basic principles of calorimetry
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
Protein-ligand binding and enzyme catalysis
Applications of calorimetry in biological research
10. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Basic principles of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
types of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Applications of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
