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Plant Biology

I. Introduction to Plant Biology

  • Definition of plant biology
  • Characteristics of plants
  • Classification of plants
  • Evolution of plants
    1. Evolution of photosynthesis
    2. The emergence of land plants
    3. Development of vascular tissue
    4. Evolution of seeds
    5. The emergence of flowering plants
  • Importance of Plants

II. Plant Structure and Function

  • Plant cells and tissues
  • Organs of plants (roots, stems, leaves, flowers)
  • Plant anatomy and morphology
  • Plant physiology

III. Plant Growth and Development

  • Growth of plants
  • Plant hormones and growth regulators
  • Developmental stages of plants
  • Reproduction in plants

IV. Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Metabolism

  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiration
  • Metabolic pathways in plants

V. Ecology of Plants

  • Plant interactions with the environment
  • Plant adaptations to environmental stresses
  • Plant communities and ecosystems
  • Biogeography of plants

VI. Applications of Plant Biology

  • Agriculture and horticulture
  • Biotechnology and genetic engineering
  • Medicinal plants
  • Conservation of plant biodiversity
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