There is a wealth of evidence that supports the theory of natural selection. Some of the main lines of evidence include:
- Fossil record: The fossil record provides a record of past life forms, showing how species have changed over time. Fossils can provide evidence of evolutionary changes such as the development of new adaptations and the appearance of new species.
- Comparative anatomy: Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences between the anatomy of different species. Similarities between species suggest that they share a common ancestor and have evolved from that ancestor. Differences between species suggest that they have evolved adaptations to suit their different environments.
- Molecular biology: Molecular biology provides evidence for the relatedness of different species. All living organisms use DNA to store genetic information, and the genetic code is universal across all life forms. The similarities and differences in DNA sequences can be used to infer evolutionary relationships between species.
- Biogeography: Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plants and animals around the world. The geographic distribution of species can provide clues about how they evolved and how they are related to other species.
- Experimental studies: Experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of natural selection on populations of organisms. For example, researchers have observed changes in the beak size and shape of Galapagos finches in response to changes in their food supply.
Overall, the evidence for natural selection is extensive and diverse, drawing on data from many different scientific fields. Together, these lines of evidence provide strong support for the theory of natural selection and the broader theory of evolution.