4. Bioprocessing and Fermentation
Upstream processing
Downstream processing
Bioreactors
Scale-up and scale-down techniques
Fermentation techniques
5. Microbial Biotechnology
Microbial diversity
Bioremediation
Biodegradation
Microbial production of biomolecules
7. Animal Biotechnology
Animal cell culture
Cloning
Transgenesis
Applications in medicine